1 Introduction

Guideline recommendations by regional and international cardiovascular professional societies are widely applied globally. A limitation of clinical practice guidelines (CPG) has been a lack of diversity and therefore applicability to specific subsets of patients based on sex, ethnicity and geography. Furthermore, there appears to be a lack of diversity in guideline writing committees. Much like a diverse cardiology workforce is better for patients, diverse writing groups could lead to better addressing issues specific to diverse patient groups [1] . In this analysis, we evaluated sex and geographical variations in writing group members of European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guideline documents. Based on the years they were published, we divided the documents listed as earlier years (2002–2014), wherein CPG were published in 6 instances, and contemporary years (2015–2022), wherein CPG were published in 7 instances ( Supplementary Table S1 ). Comparisons were made for CPG of contemporary versus earlier years.