Prosthesis–patient mismatch (PPM) occurs when prosthesis functions normally, but its effective orifice area (EOA) is too small relative to the patient's body surface area (BSA) and cardiac output requirements. PPM is defined as severe for indexed EOA (EOAi) values <0.65 cm 2 /m 2 for patients with a body mass index (BMI) < 30 kg/m 2 , or <0.55 cm 2 /m 2 for patients with a BMI > 30 kg/m 2 [ ].