<div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXW213374793 BCX0"> <p class="Paragraph SCXW213374793 BCX0" xml:lang="EN-US" lang="EN-US" paraid="624663441" paraeid="{2adec5f2-4659-4a06-baa2-e232957e528d}{76}"><span data-contrast="auto" xml:lang="EN-US" lang="EN-US" class="TextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">Women with premature menopause have a 40% greater<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">lifetime<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">risk for developing coronary heart disease (CHD),<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">cardiology research shows.</span></span><span class="EOP Selected SCXW213374793 BCX0" data-ccp-props="{}"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXW213374793 BCX0"> <p class="Paragraph SCXW213374793 BCX0" xml:lang="EN-US" lang="EN-US" paraid="905666868" paraeid="{c83a586b-3deb-4826-95dd-005bdc0a89a0}{246}"><span data-contrast="auto" xml:lang="EN-US" lang="EN-US" class="TextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">These data were reported by Priya M. Freaney, MD, of<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, and colleagues from Northwestern as well as the Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine,<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">in a manuscript published online in<span> </span></span></span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">JAMA Cardiology</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">.</span><span class="EOP Selected SCXW213374793 BCX0" data-ccp-props="{}"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXW213374793 BCX0"> <p class="Paragraph SCXW213374793 BCX0" xml:lang="EN-US" lang="EN-US" paraid="1943257648" paraeid="{6fb89f59-1acb-467e-b2cf-1be582baa490}{122}"><span data-contrast="auto" xml:lang="EN-US" lang="EN-US" class="TextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">Premature menopause is associated with short-term cardiovascular disease risks</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">,<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">according</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0"><span> </span>to the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) Primary Prevention Guidelines</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">, but the long-term effects of early menopause are unknown. Demographic differences have also not been studied in women who experience premature menopause.</span></span><span class="EOP Selected SCXW213374793 BCX0" data-ccp-props="{}"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXW213374793 BCX0"> <p class="Paragraph SCXW213374793 BCX0" xml:lang="EN-US" lang="EN-US" paraid="440195868" paraeid="{2b0dcb8b-aea0-469d-8dfe-b7601f1105fb}{162}"><span data-contrast="auto" xml:lang="EN-US" lang="EN-US" class="TextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">Investigators in this study examined the lifetime risk of CHD in women with premature menopause. Participants in this study self-</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">report</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">ed<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">their<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun ContextualSpellingAndGrammarErrorV2Themed SCXW213374793 BCX0">race</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0"><span> </span>and investigat</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">ors<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">so</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">ught</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0"><span> </span>to<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">deter</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">mine</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0"><span> </span>if premature menopause status stratified by race.</span></span><span class="EOP Selected SCXW213374793 BCX0" data-ccp-props="{}"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXW213374793 BCX0"> <p class="Paragraph SCXW213374793 BCX0" xml:lang="EN-US" lang="EN-US" paraid="1886238985" paraeid="{5839ca7d-0ab1-4779-83e9-9c2acbc66846}{160}"><span data-contrast="auto" xml:lang="EN-US" lang="EN-US" class="TextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">The study consisted of Black and White women and had a total of 163,600 person-years of follow-up between 1964 and 2018.<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">Included were women between the ages of 55 and 69 years who did not have CHD at baseline but had data on menopausal status and CHD outcomes.<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">The onset</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0"><span> </span>of</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0"><span> </span>menopause before 40 years old was considered premature menopause.</span></span><span class="EOP Selected SCXW213374793 BCX0" data-ccp-props="{}"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXW213374793 BCX0"> <p class="Paragraph SCXW213374793 BCX0" xml:lang="EN-US" lang="EN-US" paraid="1158979316" paraeid="{1c7c4fb1-5a23-438c-8ba1-f4dd9a027bac}{29}"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">CHD, defined by nonfatal and fatal myocardial infarction (MI), was the primary outcome in this prospective, population-based, cohort study.</span><span class="EOP Selected SCXW213374793 BCX0" data-ccp-props="{}"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXW213374793 BCX0"> <p class="Paragraph SCXW213374793 BCX0" xml:lang="EN-US" lang="EN-US" paraid="2039164436" paraeid="{6f4d668d-dce1-4445-b7e0-499f3314f066}{234}"><span data-contrast="auto" xml:lang="EN-US" lang="EN-US" class="TextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">A total of 3,522 Black women (mean age=61.2 years</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">) and 6,514 White women (mean age=60.0 years) were included in this study.<span> </span></span></span><span class="EOP Selected SCXW213374793 BCX0" data-ccp-props="{}"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXW213374793 BCX0"> <p class="Paragraph SCXW213374793 BCX0" xml:lang="EN-US" lang="EN-US" paraid="170548760" paraeid="{bab9b3e1-8370-4262-bd3d-54de441aeff5}{18}"><span data-contrast="auto" xml:lang="EN-US" lang="EN-US" class="TextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">Black women had more instances of premature menopause compared with White women (15.5% versus 4.8%).</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0"><span> </span>Additionally, women with premature menopause were at higher risk of developing incident CHD over a lifetime</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">. Hazard ratios (HR) for Black women were 1.41 (95% confidence interval [CI]=1.04-1.90)</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0"><span> </span>and 1.39 (95% CI=1.03-1.87) for White women.</span></span><span class="EOP Selected SCXW213374793 BCX0" data-ccp-props="{}"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXW213374793 BCX0"> <p class="Paragraph SCXW213374793 BCX0" xml:lang="EN-US" lang="EN-US" paraid="495156042" paraeid="{4452e25b-0302-4198-bf24-70059e0b86a3}{255}"><span data-contrast="auto" xml:lang="EN-US" lang="EN-US" class="TextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">Black women with premature menopause had an average of 18.2 years free from CHD (95% CI=17.5-18.9)<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">versus Black</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0"><span> </span>women with</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">out</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0"><span> </span>premature menopause had an average of 19.1 years free from CHD (</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">95% CI=18.8-19.4)</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">. These numbers were similar in White women, but neither Black nor White women saw statistical significance in these differences</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0"><span> </span>(p=0.06 for Black women, p=0.07 for White women).</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW213374793 BCX0" data-ccp-props="{}"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXW213374793 BCX0"> <p class="Paragraph SCXW213374793 BCX0" xml:lang="EN-US" lang="EN-US" paraid="1584360198" paraeid="{0076410c-ce8c-4e02-af9e-a3702e27b23d}{38}"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">The investigators noted that this study underscores the importance of evaluating reproductive factors in the risk assessment for cardiovascular disease. Both Black and White women are more likely to have CHD in their lifetime if they have premature menopause.</span><span class="EOP Selected SCXW213374793 BCX0" data-ccp-props="{}"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXW213374793 BCX0"> <p class="Paragraph SCXW213374793 BCX0" xml:lang="EN-US" lang="EN-US" paraid="2136246961" paraeid="{2901714a-7030-45d5-b5c2-8056c8cedef1}{6}"><strong><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">Source:</span><span class="EOP Selected SCXW213374793 BCX0" data-ccp-props="{}"> </span></strong></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXW213374793 BCX0"> <p class="Paragraph SCXW213374793 BCX0" xml:lang="EN-US" lang="EN-US" paraid="517705674" paraeid="{2901714a-7030-45d5-b5c2-8056c8cedef1}{42}"><span data-contrast="auto" xml:lang="EN-US" lang="EN-US" class="TextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">Freaney PM, Ning H, Carnethon M, et al. Premature<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">menopause</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0"><span> </span>and lifetime risk of coronary heart disease.<span> </span></span></span><span data-contrast="auto" xml:lang="EN-US" lang="EN-US" class="TextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">JAMA<span> </span></span><span class="NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW213374793 BCX0">Cardiol</span></span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">. 2026 March 18 (Article in Press).</span><span class="EOP Selected SCXW213374793 BCX0" data-ccp-props="{}"> </span></p> </div> <div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXW213374793 BCX0"> <p class="Paragraph SCXW213374793 BCX0" xml:lang="EN-US" lang="EN-US" paraid="1929207887" paraeid="{f38d3d7f-61cd-4ffe-bc0e-40e16218d28a}{32}"><strong><span data-contrast="auto" xml:lang="EN-US" lang="EN-US" class="TextRun MacChromeBold SCXW213374793 BCX0"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">Image Credit: </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">Drazen </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW213374793 BCX0">– stock.adobe.com</span></span><span class="EOP Selected SCXW213374793 BCX0" data-ccp-props="{}"> </span></strong></p> </div>