Since Andreas Grunzig first introduced coronary angioplasty in the early 1980s, minimally invasive procedures have grown to over 1 million annually in the US alone. While minimally invasive procedures have decreased procedural risk, exposure to ionizing radiation remains an ongoing concern. The medical community has been balancing the therapeutic benefit, over the known risks of radiation. Over the past decade, numerous studies have demonstrated the unwelcome side effects of radiation. The risk of radiation to our patients and ourselves can be divided into two main categories: the effects of radiation from direct or indirect exposure and the orthopedic effects on personnel from radiation protection.